Class 8 SST Important Questions & Answers | Full Notes (History, Civics, Geography) 2026

 

📘 1. Five Principles of Panchsheel

👉 Answer (Points):

1. Mutual respect for each other’s sovereignty.
2. Non-aggression (no attack on each other).
3. Non-interference in internal matters.
4. Equality and mutual benefit.
5. Peaceful co-existence.
6. These principles promote peace and cooperation between countries.

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📘 2. Why did India need Non-Alignment Policy?

👉 Answer:

1. To stay independent in foreign policy.
2. Not to join any power bloc (USA or USSR).
3. To maintain peace in world.
4. To focus on national development.
5. To avoid war and conflicts.
6. To support newly independent countries.

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📘 3. How is Lok Sabha constituted?

👉 Answer:

1. Members are directly elected by people.
2. Elections held every 5 years.
3. Based on universal adult franchise.
4. Total members around 543.
5. Seats divided among states.
6. Represents people of India.

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📘 4. Objective of RTI Act

👉 Answer:

1. To bring transparency in government.
2. To reduce corruption.
3. To give right to citizens to ask information.
4. To make government accountable.
5. To strengthen democracy.
6. To empower common people.

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📘 5. Why did European traders come to India?

👉 Answer:

1. For spices like pepper and cloves.
2. To earn profit from trade.
3. India had rich resources.
4. To find new trade routes.
5. To establish trade centers.
6. Later they wanted political control.

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📘 6. Impact of Green Revolution

👉 Answer:

1. Increase in food production.
2. Use of modern technology.
3. Farmers income increased.
4. Use of fertilizers and irrigation.
5. Regional inequality increased.
6. Environmental problems also increased.

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📘 7. Land Revenue System in Chhattisgarh

👉 Answer:

1. Farmers pay tax on land.
2. Based on land productivity.
3. Collected by government.
4. Helps in government revenue.
5. Sometimes burden on farmers.
6. Important for administration.

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📘 8. Civil Case vs Criminal Case

Basis	Civil Case	Criminal Case
Nature	Personal dispute	Crime against society
Example	Property dispute	Theft, murder
Parties	Individual vs individual	State vs accused
Punishment	Fine/compensation	Jail/fine
Police role	Limited	Important
Aim	Solve dispute	Punish crime

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📘 9. Arrest and Punishment

👉 Answer:

1. Arrest means taking a person into custody.
2. Done by police with legal reason.
3. Person must be informed of reason.
4. Punishment given after court decision.
5. Includes fine or imprisonment.
6. Ensures law and order.

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📘 10. Primary vs Tertiary Activities

Basis	Primary	Tertiary
Nature	Natural resources use	Service based
Example	Farming	Banking
Output	Raw material	Service
Area	Rural	Urban
Skill	Low	High
Role	Basic supply	Support system

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📘 11. Plantation of Indigo

👉 Answer:

1. Indigo used for blue dye.
2. British forced farmers to grow it.
3. Farmers got very low profit.
4. Caused suffering to farmers.
5. Indigo revolt started.
6. Later system was ended.

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📘 12. Efforts for Women’s Education

👉 Answer:

1. Opening girls schools.
2. Government schemes.
3. Awareness campaigns.
4. Scholarships for girls.
5. Social reformers support.
6. Increase in literacy rate.

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📘 13. Why Iron & Steel Industry is Backbone

👉 Answer:

1. Provides raw material to other industries.
2. Used in construction and machines.
3. Helps in industrial development.
4. Supports transport sector.
5. Creates employment.
6. Essential for economic growth.

Q14. Why should women and men get equal rights?

👉 Answer (Points):

1. Equality is basic human right.
2. Both contribute equally in society.
3. Helps in social justice.
4. Promotes development of country.
5. Removes discrimination.
6. Ensures respect and dignity.

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Q15. How was the Revolt of 1857 different?

👉 Answer:

1. First large-scale revolt.
2. Involved soldiers and civilians.
3. Spread to many regions.
4. Against British rule.
5. Aim was independence.
6. United different groups.

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Q16. Qualification for President

👉 Answer:

1. Must be Indian citizen.
2. Minimum age 35 years.
3. Qualified for Lok Sabha membership.
4. No office of profit.
5. Sound mind.
6. Elected by electoral college.

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Q17. Aims of Home Rule Movement

👉 Answer:

1. Self-government for India.
2. Increase political awareness.
3. Unite Indians.
4. Demand constitutional reforms.
5. Oppose British rule.
6. Strengthen freedom struggle.

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Q18. What is Indian Independence Act?

👉 Answer:

1. Passed in 1947.
2. Ended British rule.
3. Divided India & Pakistan.
4. Gave freedom to India.
5. Power transferred to Indians.
6. Created two dominions.

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Q19. Population Density & Population as Resource

👉 Answer:

1. Population density = people per area.
2. Measured per sq. km.
3. Population is resource if skilled.
4. Provides labor force.
5. Growth depends on birth & death rate.
6. Change pattern shows increase or decrease.

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Q20. Principles of UNO

👉 Answer:

1. Maintain peace.
2. Respect sovereignty.
3. Equal rights of nations.
4. Peaceful settlement of disputes.
5. No use of force.
6. Cooperation among countries.

Q21. Quit India Movement

👉 Answer:

1. Started in 1942.
2. Led by Mahatma Gandhi.
3. Aim to end British rule.
4. Mass movement.
5. “Do or Die” slogan.
6. Important step to independence.

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Q22. Difference: Lok Sabha vs Rajya Sabha

Basis	Lok Sabha	Rajya Sabha
Type	Lower house	Upper house
Members	Direct election	Indirect election
Term	5 years	Permanent
Power	More power	Less power
Dissolution	Can dissolve	Cannot dissolve
Role	Represents people	Represents states

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Q23. Bonded Labour (Bandhua Majdoor)

👉 Answer:

1. Workers forced to work.
2. Due to debt.
3. No freedom to leave.
4. Paid very low wages.
5. Illegal in India.
6. Exploitation of poor people.

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Q24. Contribution of Veer Narayan Singh

👉 Answer:

1. Freedom fighter of Chhattisgarh.
2. Helped poor people.
3. Opposed British rule.
4. Distributed food grains.
5. Leader in 1857 revolt.
6. Symbol of bravery.

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Q25. Leaders of 1857 Revolt

👉 Answer:

Bahadur Shah Zafar

1. Last Mughal emperor.
2. Leader of revolt in Delhi.
3. Symbol of unity.
4. Supported rebels.
5. Declared emperor of India.
6. Exiled by British.

Nana Saheb

1. Leader in Kanpur.
2. Fought British strongly.
3. Wanted pension rights.
4. Organized army.
5. Supported rebels.
6. Key leader of revolt.

Rani Lakshmi Bai

1. Queen of Jhansi.
2. Brave fighter.
3. Opposed British rule.
4. Led army herself.
5. Fought till death.
6. Symbol of courage.

Q26. Fundamental Rights

👉 Answer:

1. Basic rights of citizens.
2. Given by Constitution.
3. Right to Equality.
4. Right to Freedom.
5. Right against exploitation.
6. Right to education & religion.

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Q27. Who appoints Prime Minister?

👉 Answer:

1. President appoints PM.
2. Leader of majority party.
3. Must be Lok Sabha member.
4. Can be Rajya Sabha member.
5. Needs majority support.
6. Leads government.

📘 28. Different aims of U.N.O.

👉 Answer (Points):

1. Maintain world peace.
2. Prevent wars between countries.
3. Promote cooperation.
4. Protect human rights.
5. Provide humanitarian help.
6. Support development of nations.

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📘 29. Causes of Partition of India

👉 Answer:

1. Hindu-Muslim conflicts.
2. British divide and rule policy.
3. Demand of separate nation.
4. Failure of unity efforts.
5. Political differences.
6. Rise of communalism.

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📘 30. Divide and Rule Policy

👉 Answer:

1. British created divisions.
2. Divided people on religion.
3. Weakened unity of Indians.
4. Supported different groups.
5. Controlled people easily.
6. Main cause of partition.

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📘 31. Policy of Muslim League

👉 Answer:

1. Represent Muslims.
2. Protect Muslim interests.
3. Demand separate nation.
4. Oppose Congress.
5. Promote Muslim unity.
6. Supported Pakistan creation.

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📘 32. Demand by Mohd Ali Jinnah

👉 Answer:

1. Separate nation (Pakistan).
2. Protection of Muslim rights.
3. Equal political power.
4. Separate electorate.
5. Security for Muslims.
6. Independence from British.

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📘 33. Hindu-Muslim Riots

👉 Answer:

1. Due to religious differences.
2. Caused violence.
3. Loss of life and property.
4. Increased hatred.
5. Created fear among people.
6. Led to partition.

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📘 34. Mild Policy of Congress

👉 Answer:

1. Early Congress was moderate.
2. Believed in peaceful methods.
3. Used petitions and requests.
4. Wanted reforms, not revolt.
5. Followed constitutional ways.
6. Later became aggressive.

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📘 35. Conventional vs Non-Conventional Energy

Basis	Conventional	Non-Conventional
Source	Coal, oil	Solar, wind
Availability	Limited	Unlimited
Pollution	High	Low
Cost	High	Low (long term)
Renewal	Non-renewable	Renewable
Example	Coal	Solar

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📘 36. Metallic vs Non-metallic Minerals

Basis	Metallic	Non-metallic
Content	Metal present	No metal
Nature	Hard	Soft
Conductivity	Good	Poor
Example	Iron	Coal
Use	Industry	Fuel
Value	High	Moderate

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📘 37. Biogas vs Natural Gas

Basis	Biogas	Natural Gas
Source	Organic waste	Fossil fuel
Renewal	Renewable	Non-renewable
Pollution	Low	Moderate
Production	Local	Natural deposits
Cost	Low	High
Use	Cooking	Fuel & industry

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📘 38. Four Powers of President

👉 Answer:

1. Executive power – appoints PM.
2. Legislative power – passes bills.
3. Judicial power – gives pardon.
4. Military power – supreme commander.
5. Emergency power.
6. Represents nation.

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📘 39. Why Indian soldiers were not satisfied before 1857?

👉 Answer:

1. Low salary.
2. Discrimination.
3. Religious issues.
4. Use of greased cartridges.
5. Lack of respect.
6. Harsh treatment.

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📘 40. Junagarh, Kashmir, Hyderabad Issues

📘 Junagarh Issue (जूनागढ़ समस्या)

👉 Answer (Points):

1. Junagarh Gujarat ka ek princely state tha.
2. Wahan ka ruler Muslim tha, lekin population majority Hindu thi.
3. Nawab ne Pakistan join karne ka decision liya.
4. Logon ne iska virodh kiya (protest kiya).
5. India ne intervene karke referendum karwaya.
6. Result me logon ne India ke favor me vote diya, isliye Junagarh India me merge ho gaya.

👉 Hindi:
जूनागढ़ के नवाब ने पाकिस्तान से जुड़ने का फैसला लिया, लेकिन जनता ने विरोध किया और अंत में जनमत संग्रह से भारत में शामिल हो गया।

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📘 Kashmir Issue (कश्मीर समस्या)

👉 Answer:

1. Kashmir ek princely state tha jahan Hindu ruler aur Muslim population thi.
2. Raja Hari Singh ne pehle independent rehna chaha.
3. Pakistan ne kabailियों (tribal attack) ke through हमला किया।
4. Raja ne India se help maangi aur accession sign किया।
5. India ne army bheji और Kashmir बचाया।
6. Tab se India-Pakistan ke beech Kashmir dispute chal raha hai।

👉 Hindi:
कश्मीर पर भारत और पाकिस्तान के बीच विवाद आज तक जारी है, जो 1947 से शुरू हुआ।

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📘 Hyderabad Issue (हैदराबाद समस्या)

👉 Answer:

1. Hyderabad ek bada princely state tha।
2. Nizam (ruler) independent rehna chahta tha।
3. Population majority Hindu thi।
4. Nizam ne India me merge hone se mana kiya।
5. India ne 1948 me military action (Operation Polo) kiya।
6. Hyderabad India me merge ho gaya।

👉 Hindi:
हैदराबाद के निजाम ने भारत में शामिल होने से मना किया, इसलिए भारत ने सैन्य कार्रवाई करके इसे अपने में मिला लिया।

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📘 41. Importance of Revolt of 1857

👉 Answer:

1. First freedom struggle.
2. United Indians.
3. End of East India Company.
4. Beginning of nationalism.
5. Inspired future movements.
6. Showed power of unity.

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📘 42. If Fundamental Rights are violated

👉 Answer:

1. Go to court.
2. File case in High Court.
3. Approach Supreme Court.
4. Use Right to Constitutional remedies.
5. Seek justice.
6. Protect rights.

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📘 43. Cabinet Mission

👉 Answer:

1. Came in 1946.
2. Sent by British government.
3. Aim to transfer power.
4. Proposed constitution plan.
5. Tried to avoid partition.
6. Failed later.

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📘 44. Mahalwari System

👉 Answer:

1. Land revenue system.
2. Introduced by British.
3. Tax collected from villages.
4. Based on land productivity.
5. Village head responsible.
6. Burden on farmers.